Electric Vehicles (EVs)

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Electric Vehicles (EVs)

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Electric Vehicle

Introduction

Electric vehicles (EVs) are vehicles that are powered by one or more electric motors, these vehicles use electrical energy stored in either rechargeable batteries or other energy storage devices.

Electric vehicles (EVs) do not produce tailpipe emissions. Tailpipe emissions are the product of fuel combustion and comprise a number of pollutants like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides which are hazardous to the environment. EVs are more environmentally friendly.

Classification of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

EVs can be classified into three types: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

BEVs are powered entirely by electricity stored in batteries, while PHEVs and HEVs combine an electric motor with an Internal combustion engine ICE.

Advantages of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

One of the main advantages of EVs is their energy efficiency. EVs convert up to 80% of the energy stored in the battery to power the wheels, while Internal combustion engines ICEs typically convert only around 20% of the energy in gasoline to power the wheels.

EVs are quieter and have lower maintenance costs than ICE vehicles, as they have fewer moving parts.

Challenges of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

The adoption of EVs still faces challenges, such as the availability and accessibility of charging infrastructure, the limitations of battery technology, and the higher upfront cost of EVs compared to ICE vehicles.

Renewable energy sources

With increasing concern for climate change and the shift towards renewable energy sources, many countries and governments are implementing policies to support the adoption of EVs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

United States

The United States has set ambitious goals to transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in the future, with many states and the federal government implementing policies to support EV adoption.

Several states have also set their own targets for EV adoption. For example, California, which is the largest market for EVs in the US, has set a goal to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035.

Other states, such as Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, have also set ambitious targets for EV adoption and implemented policies to support the transition to electric vehicles.

Norway:

Norway is a global leader in EV adoption, and electric cars made up over half of all new car sales in the country in the year 2021. By 2025, Norway aims to phase out the sale of new gasoline and diesel vehicles.

Netherlands:

The Netherlands has set a goal to only sell new zero-emission cars by 2035, including electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Sweden:

Sweden aims to have a fossil fuel-free vehicle fleet by 2030, including both passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The country has also implemented incentives for EV purchases and investments in charging infrastructure.

France:

France aims to end the sale of gasoline and diesel vehicles by 2040 and has implemented policies to support the transition to EVs, such as incentives for EV purchases and investments in charging infrastructure.

United Kingdom:

The UK has set a goal to end the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars by 2030, with hybrid vehicles allowed until 2035. The UK has also implemented policies to support EV adoption, such as incentives for EV purchases and investments in charging infrastructure.

China:

China is the world’s largest market for EVs. The country aims to have new energy vehicles, including electric cars, account for 20% of all auto sales by 2025.

Japan:

Japan has set a goal to have all new cars sold in the country be electric, hydrogen fuel cell, or hybrid vehicles by the mid-2030s.

South Korea:

South Korea has set a goal to have electric cars make up 30% of all new car sales by 2025 and aims to have 1.13 million EVs on the road by 2025.

India:

India plans to have all new cars sold in the country be electric by 2030, although the target has been pushed back due to various challenges such as charging infrastructure.

Singapore:

Singapore has set a goal to phase out internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles by 2040 and aims to have 60,000 EVs on the road by 2030.

Taiwan:

Taiwan has set a goal to have 20% of all new car sales be electric by 2025 and aims to have 1.5 million EVs on the road by 2030.

Australia and New Zealand:

The Australian government has announced several measures to support EV adoption, such as tax incentives for businesses and investment in charging infrastructure. In the year 2021, EVs made up only 0.7% of new car sales in Australia, but the market is expected to grow as more models become available and charging infrastructure improves.

New Zealand government has set a goal to have all new cars sold in the country be electric by 2035, with a target of 50,000 EVs on the road by the end of 2021. In the year 2020, EVs made up 6.3% of new car sales in New Zealand, which is one of the highest rates in the world.

Overall, while Australia and New Zealand’s progress in EV adoption is slower than some other countries, there is a growing interest and momentum towards EVs, and both governments are taking steps to encourage the transition to a low-carbon transport sector.

Electric Buses

Many countries around the world are adopting electric buses as a means of reducing emissions and improving air quality. Here are some examples of countries that are using electric vehicle buses:

China:

China has the largest electric bus fleet in the world, with over 400,000 electric buses in operation as of 2021. The city of Shenzhen has a fully-electric bus fleet, and other Chinese cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, are also rapidly transitioning to electric buses.

United States:

Several transit agencies in the US have begun to adopt electric buses, including LA Metro, Chicago Transit Authority, and New York City Transit. Additionally, some cities, such as Seattle, have committed to transitioning their entire bus fleets to electric.

Europe:

Many European countries have set ambitious goals for electric buses, with the aim of transitioning to zero-emissions public transportation. Some examples include London, which has a fleet of over 300 electric buses, and Amsterdam, which has committed to having all city buses be electric by 2025.

India:

India is rapidly expanding its electric bus fleet, with a goal of having 5,000 electric buses in operation by 2022. Cities such as Hyderabad and Kolkata have already started operating electric buses, and other cities are expected to follow suit.

Latin America:

Several Latin American cities, such as Santiago, Chile and Montevideo, Uruguay, have also begun to transition to electric buses, with the aim of improving air quality and reducing emissions.

 

Ali Murtaza

2 Comments

  • Sadia Iqbal
    Reply March 11, 2023 at 08:21

    Very well explained and insightful.
    Dear Sir.. please also add challenges faced by under developed nations regarding market and saleability of electric vehicles.

    • Ali Murtaza
      Reply March 17, 2023 at 15:52

      Thanks for visiting our website and showing interest in reading. Yes, we shall write separate article on this topic.

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